Quantifiers (some, any, much, many, a lot of, few, little)

Quantifiers:

some / any / much / many / a lot of / few / little + noun

Choose the quantifier based on countable vs uncountable nouns and sentence type.

Some mostly in affirmative sentences and polite offers/requests.
Any in questions and negatives.
Much/Many for large quantities (much uncountable, many countable).
A lot of in both formal and informal speech for countable and uncountable nouns.
Few/Little for small quantities (few countable, little uncountable).

Some:

I have some friends in London.

Any:

Do you have any questions?

Much / Many:

How much water do you drink? / How many books do you read?

A lot of:

She has a lot of homework.

Few / Little:

There are few chairs here. / We have little time.

Some vs Any

Some is common in positive statements; any is common in negatives and questions.

Much / Many vs A lot of

Much/Many are more common in questions/negatives; a lot of is natural in affirmative speech.